Arthroscopic Medial Meniscus Repair This is a video of an actual surgery preformed by Dr. Alan M Reznik for a medial meniscus tear. The patient is a soccer player presenting with the complaint of recurrrent locking, swelling and giving way. The tear was a complex type involving a beak tear and a red on white tear of the meniscus rim or preriferal meniscus. It was treated with a suture repair done arthroscopically using 5 sets of sutures.

Examinaion of foot and ankle.

Amniocentesis, is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections , in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is extracted from the amnion or amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and the fetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities. Before the actual procedure, a local anesthetic is sometimes given to relieve the pain when inserting the needle used to withdraw the fluid. A needle is usually inserted through the mothers abdominal wall through the wall of the uterus into the amniotic sac. With the aid of ultrasound-guidance, a physician aims towards an area of the sac that is away from the fetus and extracts approximately 20ml of amniotic fluid for testing. The puncture heals, and the amniotic sac replenishes the liquid over a day or so. After the amniotic fluid is extracted, the fetal cells are separated from it. The cells are grown in a culture medium, then fixed and stained. Under a microscope the chromosomes are examined for abnormalities. The most common abnormalities detected are Down syndrome, Edward syndrome [Trisomy 18] and Turner syndrome [Monosomy X]. Amniocentesis is most safely performed after the 14th-16th week of pregnancy, does not need to be done before then due to risk it can do to the babys limbs. Usually genetic counseling is offered prior to amniocentesis. Although the procedure is routine, possible complications include infection of the amniotic sac from the needle, and failure of the puncture to heal properly, which can result in leakage or infection. Serious complications can result in miscarriage. Other possible complications include preterm labor and delivery, respiratory distress, postural deformities, fetal trauma and alloimmunisation (rhesus disease). Studies from the 1970s originally estimated the risk of amniocentesis-related miscarriage at around 1 in 200 (0.5%). A more recent study (2006) has indicated this may actually be much lower, perhaps as low as 1 in 1,600 (0.06%). In contrast, the risk of miscarriage from chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is believed to be approximately 1 in 100, although CVS may be done up to four weeks earlier, and may be preferable if the possibility of genetic defects is thought to be higher . Recent studies have discovered that amniotic fluid can be a rich source of multipotent mesenchymal, hematopoietic, neural, epithelial and endothelial stem cells. A potential benefit of using amniotic stem cells over those obtained from embryos is that they side-step ethical concerns among pro-life activists by obtaining pluripotent lines of undifferentiated cells without harm to a fetus or destruction of an embryo. Artificial heart valves, working tracheas, as well as muscle, fat, bone, heart, neural and liver cells have all been engineered through use of amniotic stem cells. Tissues obtained from amniotic cell lines show enormous promise for patients suffering from congenital diseases/malformations of the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and cerebral tissue.

Three patients with ptosis: congenital ptosis, Marcus Gunn jaw-winking ptosis and myotonic dystrophy.

This request usually follows orbit examination of a patient with thyroid eye disease. The aim is to look for signs of hyperthyroidism and less commonly hypothyroidism.

The majority of cases relate to thyroid eye disease.

The pupil is an opening located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina.It appears black because most of the light entering the pupil is absorbed by the tissues inside the eye. In humans the pupil is round, but other species, such as some cats, have slit pupils. In optical terms, the anatomical pupil is the eyes aperture and the iris is the aperture stop. The image of the pupil as seen from outside the eye is the entrance pupil, which does not exactly correspond to the location and size of the physical pupil because it is magnified by the cornea. On the inner edge lies a prominent structure, the collarette, marking the junction of the embryonic pupillary membrane covering the embryonic pupil.

Examination of a patient with post-enucleation socket syndrome.

Learn about foley catheter insertion in male and female.

Foley catheters are flexible (usually latex) tubes that are passed through the urethra during urinary catheterization and into the bladder to drain urine. They are retained by means of a balloon at the tip which is inflated with sterile water. The balloons typically come in two different sizes: 5 cc and 30 cc. They are commonly made in silicone rubber or natural rubber.

Gina shares her experience during her first D and C procedure, which is used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding.

Learn about the circle method of doing a breast cancer self exam to identify breast cancer symptoms in this free health care video.

Dr. Amar Ranawat, Assistant Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon, Hospital for Special Surgery, demonstrates a physical examination of the hip.

Dr. Satish Rao discusses his manuscript "Digital Rectal Examination Is a Useful Tool for Identifying Patients with Dyssynergia."

This is an instructional video for nursing students to review how to insert a Foley catheter into a male patient. The demonstration is done on a VitalSim mannequin.